Childhood is more than just a developmental phase—it’s the foundation that shapes who children become as adults. Emerging research in epigenetics reveals something groundbreaking: early childhood experiences can influence gene expression, meaning the way children are treated can change how their genes behave. This, in turn, affects everything from their ability to handle stress and fight illness, to how they form relationships throughout their lives.
Epigenetics—the study of how external factors influence gene expression without altering the genetic code itself—shows that early emotional experiences leave lasting marks on our genes. These early experiences don’t just affect behavior; but also shape biological processes like stress regulation, immunity, and emotional resilience.
The Science Behind Gene Expression & Epigenetic Memory
Research has shown that epigenetic memory plays a powerful role in child development. External factors such as stress, safety, love, or neglect leave epigenetic markers on DNA, influencing how genes are expressed. In addition, studies from institutions like Harvard’s Center on the Developing Child reveal that experiences in early childhood can alter how genes related to stress, immunity, and emotional resilience are activated.
These early experiences, particularly those involving emotional safety or neglect, leave lasting imprints on children’s biological makeup. This can also affect how their bodies regulate stress, fight illness, and bond with others.
What Early Childhood Experiences Do to Our Gene Expression
Epigenetic markers affect several key aspects of development:
Stress Regulation
A child’s early experiences heavily influence their ability to handle stress. If a child grows up in a high-stress environment, the genes that regulate stress responses may be altered, leading to a higher baseline of stress. Conversely, children who experience emotional security are better equipped to manage stress in healthy ways.
Emotional Resilience
Early caregiving has a profound impact on emotional resilience. Research shows that when children experience emotional warmth and care, their genes associated with mood regulation and emotional processing are positively affected, contributing to a more resilient mindset. On the other hand, a lack of emotional support can hinder emotional resilience, making it harder for children to cope with challenges later in life.
Attachment and Bonding
The way children form attachments has a direct connection to gene expression. Children who experience secure attachment to caregivers tend to have better emotional regulation and stronger social bonds. Also, epigenetic changes in genes linked to attachment behaviors shape how children relate to others throughout their lives.
How We Can Influence Gene Expression in Children
Understanding the power of early childhood experiences allows us to be more intentional in how we interact with children. By providing an emotionally safe environment, we can also support positive gene expression and set children up for long-term health and emotional well-being. So, here are some practical ways to influence children’s biology through their emotional experiences:
1. Speak Safety Into Everyday Life
Words have the power to shape how children feel about themselves and the world. By consistently telling children they are safe, loved, and heard, we help rewire their stress-response systems. Phrases like “You’re safe here” and “I’m listening” foster emotional security as well as influence the expression of genes related to stress regulation.
2. Model Calmness in the Face of Stress
Children learn by example. When we remain calm in stressful situations, we model emotional regulation for them. Over time, this teaches children to regulate their own emotions, improving their resilience and stress response.
3. Build Emotional Routines
Children thrive on consistency. Building small emotional rituals, like a good morning hug or a quiet moment before bed, provides stability and emotional security. In addition, these routines help create a supportive environment that encourages positive gene expression related to emotional regulation.
4. Normalize and Validate Big Feelings
All emotions are valid, and it’s essential to teach children how to understand and express them appropriately. By guiding children through big emotions—without shaming or punishing them—we help develop emotional intelligence and resilience. This also positively influences how their brains process emotions later in life.
The Power of Early Childhood Experiences
The field of epigenetics has shown us that childhood experiences have the power to shape not just behavior but the biology that underpins it. By creating emotionally supportive environments, we can positively influence gene expression and set children on a path toward better health, emotional resilience, and healthy relationships.
If you’re an educator, school leader, or parent who believes in the science-backed approach to child development, we’d love to connect with you. Together, we can create environments that promote long-term well-being and resilience in children.
Email us at hello@miraiminds.jp to learn more about our programs designed to foster healthy development. Read our previous articles here!
References:
- Center on the Developing Child, Harvard University. (2017). The Science of Early Childhood Development. Retrieved from https://developingchild.harvard.edu
- McEwen, B. S. (2006). Protective and Damaging Effects of Stress Mediators. The New England Journal of Medicine, 338(3), 171-179.
